Introduction: Why Supply Chain and Network Security Matter Now

In 2021, the Log4Shell vulnerability exposed a critical weakness in modern software: we don’t know what’s inside our containers. A single vulnerable library (log4j) in thousands of applications created a global security crisis that lasted months. Organizations scrambled to answer one simple question: “Are we affected?” Most couldn’t answer.

The same year, the SolarWinds breach demonstrated another critical gap: even with isolated networks, attackers who breach one container can move laterally through flat network architectures, compromising entire systems.